• DAY2SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 18 17:32:47 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 181732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 181730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CAROLINA
    PIEDMONT INTO PARTS OF THE MID ATLANTIC AND NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe thunderstorms are forecast on Thursday
    from parts of New England into the Mid Atlantic and Carolinas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positively tilted mid-level shortwave trough will move from the
    Great Lakes to the Northeast on Thursday. Mid-level flow will
    strengthen east of this trough from the Mid-Atlantic to the
    Northeast. A surface low will deepen as it moves from the eastern
    Great Lakes to northern Maine during the period. A cold front will
    extend southwest from this surface low and will begin from the
    eastern Great Lakes to the Mid-Mississippi Valley Thursday morning
    and near or off the Atlantic Coast by 12Z Friday.

    ...New England into the Mid-Atlantic/Southeast...
    Strong heating is expected across a broad, moist warm sector with
    dewpoints in the upper 60s to low 70s east of the Appalachians by
    Thursday afternoon. This will result in moderate to potentially
    strong instability across much of the East Coast. The best chance
    for more organized storms will be from central Virginia northward
    where stronger shear will be present beneath 50 knot mid-level flow.
    A zone of potentially greater severe weather probabilities may be
    present across the Mid-Atlantic where the greatest instability/shear
    are expected to overlap. It appears the cold front will lag well
    behind with the majority of convection developing along a
    pre-frontal trough during the afternoon. Without the stronger
    frontal forcing, some concerns about convective coverage/intensity
    exist, precluding higher probabilities at this time.

    South of this area, mid-level flow will not be as strong. Therefore,
    more modest shear will limit greater storm organization.
    Nonetheless, modest (25 knot) shear will support some multicell
    storms capable of damaging wind gusts across North Carolina. Even
    weaker shear will be present across the southeast where strong
    instability is expected. Storms are not expected to be as organized
    here, but the strong instability and moist environment could support
    some water-loaded downdrafts capable of damaging wind gusts.

    ...Southern Montana...
    Weak midlevel height falls are still expected across parts of
    western MT Thursday afternoon/evening, in response to the
    approaching mid/upper-level trough. Low-level moisture will remain
    limited, but strong diurnal heating will support high-based storm
    development. Steep low-level lapse rates and relatively strong
    midlevel flow will result in potential for isolated severe gusts
    during the afternoon and evening as convection spreads eastward.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    Low-level warm advection related to the southeastward-moving
    midlevel shortwave trough may aid in storm development on Thursday
    from northern MN into parts of WI and upper MI. Moderate instability
    and sufficient deep-layer shear will support potential for a few
    stronger cells/clusters capable of producing large hail and damaging
    wind. Additional strong to locally severe storms may redevelop later
    Thursday night across parts of this region, in response to a
    nocturnally strengthening low-level jet.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Diurnal heating of an increasingly moist airmass will result in
    moderate to strong buoyancy across parts of the northern Plains by
    Thursday afternoon. Deep-layer shear will be sufficient for
    organized storms, but diurnal storm development remains highly
    uncertain amid background midlevel height rises associated with a
    building ridge. Development of a storm or two cannot be ruled out
    through evening near a surface trough/weak dryline. Elevated storm
    coverage may increase somewhat Thursday night in response to a
    strengthening low-level jet, which could pose a threat of hail and
    localized strong gusts.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Moderate to strong buoyancy will develop across the central High
    Plains amid strong surface heating. Shear will not be as strong this
    far south, but a dryline/surface trough may provide sufficient
    forcing for a few high-based storms Thursday afternoon/early
    evening.

    ..Bentley.. 06/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 06:03:35 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 190602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 190600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST/GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms may develop Friday into Friday night across
    parts of the northern Plains and upper Midwest. Significant severe
    weather is possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A seasonably deep mid/upper-level cyclone will move across the
    Pacific Northwest on Friday, as the attendant large-scale trough
    begins to impinge on the central/northern Great Plains. Downstream,
    an upper ridge will gradually shift eastward from the southern
    Plains toward the lower MS Valley.

    A surface low will deepen across the northern High Plains, with
    increasing low-level moisture expected near and east of the low and
    trailing dryline/surface trough, and also near/north of a warm front
    that will extend east/northeast of the low.

    ...Dakotas into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    Strong to extreme buoyancy will develop Friday afternoon across much
    of the central/northern Plains into the Upper Midwest. Warming
    temperatures aloft will result in substantial capping across the
    warm sector, and coverage/location of storms within an otherwise
    volatile environment remains very uncertain.

    Most guidance suggests a mid/upper-level shortwave will emerge from
    the western trough and move across the northern Plains sometime
    during the afternoon/evening, though differences remain regarding
    the timing and amplitude of this shortwave. This shortwave trough
    could aid in isolated storm development by late afternoon/early
    evening, primarily near or north of the surface low and warm front.
    Veering wind profiles will support supercells, with a conditional
    threat for very large hail, isolated severe gusts, and also some
    tornado potential if any supercells can become surface-based.

    Some increase in storm coverage is expected Friday evening into the
    overnight, in response to a nocturnally strengthening low-level jet.
    Initial development within this regime could be supercellular, with
    potential for upscale growth with time. An intense MCS capable of
    producing significant severe gusts could evolve with time. Even if
    this does not occur, one or more smaller clusters may develop and
    track east-southeastward north of the warm front, with very large
    buoyancy and sufficient deep-layer shear supporting a threat of
    large to very large hail and severe gusts.

    Greater severe probabilities may be needed if confidence increases
    regarding a sufficient coverage of supercells, and/or development of
    an intense MCS.

    ...Montana...
    Low-level easterly flow will support some moistening across much of
    MT on Friday, though guidance continues to vary regarding the
    magnitude of destabilization during the afternoon and evening.
    Large-scale ascent associated with the approaching mid/upper-level
    trough will support scattered storm development across western MT
    during the afternoon, with sufficient deep-layer shear for some
    storm organization. Depending on the extent of downstream
    destabilization, some threat for strong to potentially severe storms
    may spread into parts of central/eastern MT Friday evening. Greater
    severe probabilities may be needed into parts of western/central MT
    depending on trends regarding destabilization.

    ...South-central High Plains...
    High-based convection may develop Friday afternoon across parts of
    CO/NM, within a very warm and well-mixed environment. While this
    convection should generally be disorganized, localized severe gusts
    could accompany this convection before it subsides during the
    evening.

    ...Lower Great Lakes...
    A northwesterly flow regime will become established across the lower
    Great Lakes vicinity on Friday. While large-scale ascent will remain
    rather nebulous, and destabilization is expected to be rather
    modest, elongated hodographs will conditionally support some storm organization. A few strong storms capable of locally gusty winds and
    perhaps marginal hail cannot be ruled out during the afternoon and
    evening.

    ..Dean.. 06/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 17:29:15 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 191729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 191727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 PM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM FAR
    EASTERN MONTANA ACROSS PARTS OF THE DAKOTAS AND MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely Friday into Friday night across
    parts of the northern Plains and upper Midwest. Areas of significant
    severe wind and hail are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper ridging will occur over the northern Plains during the day, as
    a shortwave trough and strong midlevel jet nose into the northern
    Rockies. Low pressure will deepen from eastern MT into SD, with a
    warm front extending east across northern SD, southern MN and
    western WI. Near the warm front, backed winds and a capping
    inversion will help maintain a zone of 70s F dewpoints from the
    upper MS Valley westward along the SD/ND border. Westerly 850 mb
    winds early Friday will back to southerly and increase during the
    afternoon and evening, with a broad zone of 40-50 kt developing and
    aiding northward heat and moisture transport. Very hot conditions
    are expected near the surface low in SD with gusty southwest winds
    and drying. Overnight, a cold front associated with the slow-moving
    upper trough should push into western Dakotas.

    ...From eastern MT across the northern Plains and into upper MI...
    Areas of thunderstorms may be ongoing Friday morning across IA,
    southern MN and southwest WI. Lift will exist along and east of a
    deep-layer instability gradient, with theta-e advection out of the
    southwest with a 50 kt low-level jet. This activity may produce hail
    and locally strong gusts Friday morning, with a weakening trend
    during the day.

    Strong instability will then develop throughout the day as
    temperatures warm and moistening occurs along the warm front and in
    a plume north of the MT/SD low. Storms are first expected to form
    over western/central MT beneath the cooler temperatures aloft, with
    a few cells producing strong gusts or marginal hail. However, by 21Z
    or so, supercells are expected over eastern MT. Deep-layer shear
    will be strong by virtue of easterly low-level winds beneath
    increasingly westerlies aloft. Very large hail should be expected as
    these cells move into ND, with MUCAPE increasing to 3000-4000 J/kg.
    Potential may also exist for a severe bow moving across ND and
    northwest MN, with significant damaging gusts.

    Farther east along the warm front, much of the area will remain
    capped during the day. However, the nose of the low-level lapse rate
    plume should result in at least a small area of uncapped and very
    unstable air mass, perhaps over northeast SD and southeast ND. Here,
    a conditional supercell and tornado risk will exist. Should storms
    form in this area around or after 00Z, very large hail and tornadoes
    appear likely as low-level shear will be maximized here.

    Otherwise, additional elevated storms should develop within the warm
    advection wing across northern MN, WI, and upper MI. Hail appears
    likely as instability will be large, though damaging wind potential
    is less certain and will depend on boundary layer temperatures.

    ..Jewell.. 06/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 20 06:06:22 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 200606
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 200604

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0104 AM CDT Fri Jun 20 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN GREAT LAKES INTO NY AND NORTHERN PA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe storms are possible Saturday from the
    northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep mid/upper-level trough will move gradually eastward across
    the western CONUS on Saturday, as an embedded shortwave trough moves
    from parts ID/MT into the Canadian Prairies. A surface low initially
    over the northern Plains is forecast to move northeast through the
    day, with a secondary surface low expected to develop along a cold
    front across the central High Plains during the evening.

    Downstream, a mid/upper-level shortwave trough (possibly augmented
    by D1/Friday MCS development) is generally forecast to move from the
    northern Great Lakes toward New England.

    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    An MCS will likely be ongoing Saturday morning across parts of the
    northern Great Lakes, with other areas of elevated convection
    possible farther south across lower MI. While there is some
    uncertainty regarding MCS timing, some damaging-wind and hail threat
    would accompany this system and any other robust morning convection
    before spreading into Ontario.

    The convectively augmented shortwave trough associated with the
    potential MCS may continue to impinge upon the northeast periphery
    of an expanding instability reservoir. Even if the morning MCS
    weakens or stays in Canada, strong to potentially severe storms may
    spread southward out of Ontario into the lower Great Lakes region,
    and/or develop within a low-level warm advection regime. Damaging
    winds may be the most common hazard, though low-level shear/SRH may
    become sufficient for a localized tornado threat as well. Convection
    may continue into late Saturday night with at least an isolated
    severe threat.

    Farther west, there is some potential for isolated storm development
    during the afternoon/evening across the northern Great Lakes
    vicinity, within a conditionally favorable environment. However,
    with large-scale ascent expected to remain rather nebulous in the
    wake of the departing MCS and shortwave trough, confidence is
    currently low regarding this scenario.

    ...Northern Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    While there is some lingering uncertainty regarding the influence of
    D1/Friday convection, strong to extreme buoyancy is likely to again
    develop across parts of the northern Plains and Upper Midwest, along
    and east of the cold front. However, very warm temperatures aloft
    and generally weak large-scale ascent may tend to suppress storm
    development across much of the strongly unstable warm sector. Strong
    heating could support isolated development across parts of
    NE/SD/eastern ND into northern MN near the surface low and front,
    which would conditionally pose a severe threat given the favorable
    parameter space.

    Farther northwest, guidance continues to vary regarding the
    magnitude of instability from eastern MT/northern WY into the
    western Dakotas. Strong morning convection will be possible across
    eastern MT, and some redevelopment may occur during the
    afternoon/evening, depending on the extent to which the departing MT
    shortwave trough can impinge upon favorable instability. A supercell
    or two will be possible, with a localized threat for all severe
    hazards.

    ..Dean.. 06/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 20 17:33:42 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 201732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 201730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Fri Jun 20 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN GREAT LAKES INTO NEW YORK AND NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe storms are possible Saturday from the
    northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    An amplifying pattern will occur on Saturday with a trough
    strengthening across the west with a ridge building across the
    eastern CONUS. Surface high pressure will be present across the
    eastern CONUS with lee troughing across the central and northern
    Plains ahead of the strengthening western CONUS trough.

    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    A strong MCS will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    across northern Wisconsin/western Upper Michigan. This MCS will
    likely continue east through the morning with some wind/hail threat
    across Upper Michigan and northern Lower Michigan before eventually
    moving into Ontario. If this MCS continues to track along the
    instability gradient, it could eventually arrive across
    western/central New York during the afternoon/evening. However, this
    threat is conditional given stronger forcing farther north in Canada
    and strong building heights across the Northeast.

    Additional thunderstorms may develop along the trailing
    outflow/composite boundary during the afternoon as strong
    instability builds into the northern Great Lakes. However, building
    heights aloft should mostly suppress convection, with only isolated
    storm coverage expected, if at all. If any storms can develop, the
    environment would be very favorable for large hail, severe wind
    gusts, and perhaps a tornado.

    ...Northern Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Very strong instability is expected to build across the northern
    Plains on Saturday afternoon/evening. Very warm 700mb temperatures
    (16C) and building heights aloft should keep thunderstorm activity
    suppressed for much of the period. However, strong heating could
    allow for isolated storm development which would likely be
    supercellular with a hail and wind threat if this conditional threat
    does materialize.

    A few strong to potentially severe storms may be ongoing at the
    beginning of the period across eastern Montana as a weak mid-level
    trough traverses the region. Storm activity will likely remain
    limited across eastern Montana for much of the day as heights build
    aloft. However, additional storms may develop early Sunday morning
    as troughing starts to advance east. Limited instability is the
    primary limiting factor, but if sufficient instability can develop,
    a few strong to severe storms may be possible (12Z NSSL WRF).

    ..Bentley.. 06/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 21 06:04:26 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 210602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 210600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Sat Jun 21 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE UPPER
    MIDWEST INTO CENTRAL NE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible on Sunday from parts of the
    central and northern Plains into the upper Midwest. Significant hail
    and wind are possible across parts of eastern North Dakota and
    northern Minnesota, along with some tornado potential.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level low initially over ID is forecast to move
    northeastward as a shortwave trough Sunday, reaching parts of the
    northern Great Plains and Canadian Prairies by Sunday night. As this
    occurs, a surface low initially over parts of NE/SD will move toward
    northwest MN, as a trailing cold front moves across parts of the central/northern Plains and Upper Midwest.

    Farther east, a mid/upper-level shortwave trough and associated
    surface low and weak cold front will move across parts of New
    England. Guidance continues to vary regarding the timing and
    intensity of this system. In the wake of this shortwave trough, an
    upper ridge will amplify into parts of the Northeast.

    ...Great Plains into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    Strong to extreme instability will again develop from the
    central/northern Plains into the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes,
    along/ahead of the front. Stronger deep-layer flow and ascent will
    tend to lag behind the front, though sufficient vertical shear for
    organized storms will be in place along the front.

    The most favorable environment is expected near the track of the
    primary surface low from eastern ND into northern MN, where 40-50 kt
    of midlevel flow will overlap strong to extreme instability.
    Supercell development will be possible near the low track and in the
    vicinity of a warm front extending east-northeast from the low, with
    some clustering and upscale growth possible with time. With
    large-scale ascent tending to lag behind the front, coverage of
    storms into early evening is uncertain, but any supercells could
    pose a threat of all severe hazards, including tornado and very
    large hail potential. Any organized upscale growth would result in
    an increasing damaging-wind threat (including conditional potential
    for gusts near/above 75 mph) as storms spread east-northeastward
    into the evening.

    More isolated severe storms will also be possible within the
    post-frontal regime across the northern High Plains, where moderate
    MUCAPE and sufficient deep-layer shear could support isolated
    supercells or small clusters capable of severe hail and wind.

    Farther south into the central Plains, both instability and
    deep-layer shear will be somewhat weaker, due to warmer temperatures
    aloft and weaker flow. However, strong heating near and east of a
    developing secondary low across the central High Plains could result
    in scattered storm development near the front by evening. Relatively unidirectional southwesterly flow could result in a few stronger northeastward-moving cells/clusters capable of damaging wind and
    isolated hail.

    Scattered storms will also be possible within a weakly capped
    environment into parts of the southern High Plains. While deep-layer
    flow/shear will weaker in this area, moderate buoyancy and steep
    low-level lapse rates could support isolated severe gusts with the
    strongest storms.

    ...Parts of the Northeast/New England...
    Isolated strong storms may be ongoing Sunday morning across parts of
    the Northeast/New England, within a low-level warm advection regime.
    Confidence is low in the details, due to model variance regarding
    the strength and timing of the shortwave trough and surface low that
    will move through the region. Increasing instability and sufficient
    deep-layer shear will conditionally support organized convection
    through the day.

    At this time, the most likely scenario is for an isolated severe
    threat to persist through parts of the morning, before diminishing
    during the afternoon as the upper ridge builds into the region.
    However, with strong to extreme buoyancy expected to develop during
    the afternoon, the area will need to be closely monitored for
    diurnal redevelopment along any remnant surface boundaries.

    ..Dean.. 06/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 21 17:31:31 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 211731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 211730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Sat Jun 21 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE UPPER
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TO THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms remain possible on Sunday from parts of the
    central and northern Plains into the upper Midwest. Significant hail
    and wind are possible across parts of eastern North Dakota and
    northern Minnesota, along with some tornado potential. A few severe
    storms are also possible across the Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad mid-level troughing will prevail across the western U.S. as an
    upper ridge continues to build over the eastern CONUS tomorrow
    (Sunday). A pronounced mid-level impulse/shortwave trough will eject
    into the northern Plains Sunday afternoon, supporting rapid surface
    cyclone development/strengthening over the central High Plains. This
    surface low is poised to move northeast toward the Upper MS Valley,
    encouraging the northward transport of warm, moist air to the Great
    Lakes while a trailing frontal boundary slowly advances eastward
    along the High Plains, down to the Rio Grande. Along the warm front
    and trailing frontal boundary, scattered severe thunderstorm
    development is possible. Remnant thunderstorms will also crest the
    ridge and propagate into the Northeast from southeastern Ontario
    Sunday morning and afternoon. These storms will traverse the eastern
    periphery of moderate to strong buoyancy and modest wind shear,
    which may aid in some severe potential.

    ...Northern Mississippi Valley...
    A warm front should reach the international border by Sunday
    afternoon, with 70+ F surface dewpoints beneath 8 C/km mid-level
    lapse rates expected over much of the Upper MS Valley by Sunday
    afternoon. This thermodynamic profile will yield widespread 3000+
    J/kg MLCAPE (over 4000 J/kg in some locales), but with appreciable
    MLCINH. Rapid strengthening and gradual veering of the vertical wind
    profile, from the surface to about 500 mb, will support sizeable and
    curved low-level hodographs (e.g. 200+ m2/s2 effective SRH), but
    with modest mid to upper-level elongation. A such, if storms can
    develop ahead of the frontal boundary, supercells and short bowing
    segments capable of all severe hazards (including 75+ mph gusts, 2+
    inch diameter hail, and a few tornadoes) are all possible. The
    overall coverage of the severe risk is strongly dependent on cap
    erosion and the ability for the more robust updrafts to overcome
    inhibition. The best chance for this occurring is over northern MN,
    closer to the warm front, where locally backed low-level flow will
    also yield the best chance for tornadoes. Higher severe
    probabilities may be warranted if confidence in MLCINH erosion
    increases.

    ...Northern High Plains...
    A few thunderstorms may develop across the northern High Plains by
    afternoon peak heating, behind the frontal boundary. The pronounced
    mid-level shortwave trough will overspread this region, which will
    experience the greatest deep-layer ascent, along with strong speed
    shear (as shown via forecast soundings as elongated, straight
    hodographs/50 kts of effective bulk shear). 8+ C/km low and
    mid-level lapse rates will yield around 1000 J/kg MLCAPE in this
    environment. A couple of multicells or transient supercells may
    occur, accompanied by some risk for severe wind/hail.

    ...Central and southern High Plains...
    Maximum daytime surface heating, and modest convergence along a
    trailing surface frontal boundary, will aid in the development of at
    least scattered thunderstorms amid a warm/well-mixed boundary layer.
    Vertical wind shear will be weak in this region. Nonetheless, 8-9
    C/km low-level lapse rates will support 1500+ J/kg SBCAPE and
    associated severe gust potential with the stronger, longer-lived
    multicellular complexes, especially where cold-pool mergers may
    occur. A couple instances of severe hail also cannot be ruled out.

    ...Northeast...
    A somewhat complex severe weather scenario exists for the Northeast,
    from Sunday morning into the afternoon hours. Scattered strong
    thunderstorms (perhaps a remnant MCS) may cross from southeastern
    Ontario and progress toward the Hudson Valley region during the
    morning. Should this occur, convective restrengthening is possible
    along the leading edge of outflow over the Mid Atlantic, with strong
    to potentially severe wind gusts likely. However, if convection
    moving into the Northeast by Sunday morning is less robust,
    convective re-intensification may be more likely farther north into
    southern New England. A more focused severe threat would be highly
    dependent on the placement and evolution of earlier convection/MCS
    morphology across Ontario during the late Day 1 period, which
    currently has low predictability. Despite weak vertical wind shear,
    of concern is the eastward advection of a modest EML into the
    Northeast, which may boost MLCAPE well over 3000 J/kg (perhaps over
    4000 J/kg locally). Higher severe probabilities may be needed if
    confidence in the placement and/or timing of more organized
    convection increases.

    ..Squitieri.. 06/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 22 06:06:36 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 220606
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 220604

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0104 AM CDT Sun Jun 22 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE GREAT
    LAKES/UPPER MIDWEST INTO THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe storms may develop on Monday from parts
    of the Great Lakes into the central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough initially over the northern
    Plains and Canadian Prairies will move into Ontario on Monday, as a
    surface low moves into Quebec. A trailing cold front will move
    across parts of the northern/central Plains and upper Midwest/Great
    Lakes. An expansive upper ridge will remain in place over much of
    the eastern CONUS.

    ...Great Lakes/Upper Midwest...
    Scattered storms may be ongoing Monday morning across parts of
    MN/WI. While this convection will likely be somewhat elevated,
    moderate MUCAPE and sufficient deep-layer shear could support an
    isolated severe threat with the strongest early-day storms.

    Diurnal heating/destabilization may support intensification of
    morning storms, along with additional development in the vicinity of
    the front during the afternoon into the evening. Relatively strong
    diurnal heating will support moderate to locally strong buoyancy
    along/ahead of the front, in areas not overly influenced by morning
    convection. Unidirectional wind profiles and 25-40 kt in the 850-700
    mb layer could support one or more outflow-driven clusters with a
    threat of damaging wind and isolated hail.

    ...Central Plains vicinity...
    Diurnal storm development will be possible Monday afternoon along
    the front across parts of the central Plains, as well as within a
    post-frontal regime into parts of the High Plains and Front Range.
    Instability will be strongest along/ahead of the front, where the
    strongest heating is expected, though deep-layer shear will be
    rather weak across the warm sector. A few strong multicells or
    clusters may develop near the front and pose a threat of localized
    severe gusts. Given the expected widespread coverage of storms
    within a favorable thermodynamic environment (with steep prefrontal
    low-level lapse rates and large PW) for strong to severe gusts, the
    Slight Risk has been extended into parts of the central Plains.

    Effective shear will be stronger to the cool side of the front, due
    to the presence of low-level east/northeasterlies beneath southwest
    flow aloft. Coverage and intensity of post-frontal convection
    remains somewhat uncertain, but isolated hail and strong to severe
    gusts will be possible.

    Guidance still varies somewhat regarding destabilization into parts
    of the CO Front Range. Favorably veering wind profiles could support
    isolated strong storms in this area if sufficient destabilization
    can occur.

    ...Northern New England...
    Strong instability will develop Monday afternoon across parts of the
    Northeast and Mid Atlantic, though the influence of the upper ridge
    will tend to suppress storm development across much of the region. A
    warm advection regime will develop over northern New England, as
    warmer low-level temperatures spread eastward. Storm development
    cannot be ruled out within this regime, though most guidance
    suggests warm temperatures aloft may tend to suppress convection.
    Some guidance suggests convection may approach northern ME from
    Quebec within a destabilizing environment. A conditional Marginal
    Risk for damaging gusts has been added for this potential threat.

    ..Dean.. 06/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 22 17:17:09 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 221717
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 221715

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1215 PM CDT Sun Jun 22 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS NORTHEASTWARD TOWARD THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe storms are possible Monday from parts
    of the Great Lakes into the central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A prominent upper high will be centered over the Appalachians,
    providing hot conditions over much of the eastern CONUS. Early in
    the day, a shortwave trough will exit the far northern Plains,
    ejecting across Ontario. Meanwhile, a shortwave trough will move
    from parts of CA into the Great Basin, within a broader upper
    trough.

    At the surface, High pressure will exist over much of the East
    beneath the upper ridge, though weak troughing will occur during the
    day over the Mid Atlantic. Another area of high pressure behind the
    northern Plains wave will push east into the upper MS Valley, with a
    cold front roughly from central WI into western KS by 00Z. A very
    moist air mass will exist east of this cold front, and, over much of
    the East. Strong to severe storms are most likely along the Plains
    front, although scattered storms will also be likely over the TN
    Valley and Mid South, though with less severe potential. Finally,
    isolated storms may occur over parts of the Appalachians beneath the
    upper High.

    ...Central Plains into the upper Great Lakes...
    Strong heating will occur ahead of the cold front, where dewpoints
    will range from the upper 60s F to lower 70s F. This region will
    also be within a plume of midlevel moisture spreading northward west
    of the upper ridge. As such, the high PW air mass along with surface convergence near the front should easily support afternoon storms,
    most likely from WI southwestward to perhaps the OK/TX Panhandles by
    00Z.

    Deep-layer shear and mean winds in general will not be very strong
    along the frontal zone, but perhaps a bit stronger over northern
    areas as the upper wave glances the area. The end result should be
    an elongated area of afternoon storms. Some of these storms may
    briefly contain marginal hail due to moderate instability and modest
    midlevel lapse rates, but storms will likely merge quickly over most
    of the area with strong to locally damaging gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 06/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 23 06:02:57 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 230602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 230600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Mon Jun 23 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR EASTERN
    WY...NORTHEAST CO...AND PARTS OF WESTERN NE/SD...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible Tuesday from eastern Wyoming into
    southwest South Dakota, the Nebraska Panhandle, and northeast
    Colorado. Isolated strong to severe storms will also be possible
    from parts of the central Plains and Midwest into the Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough is forecast to move from the
    Southwest into the northern Rockies on Tuesday. Downstream, a strong mid/upper-level trough will move across parts of Ontario and Quebec,
    resulting in some dampening of the persistent upper ridge over the
    East.

    At the surface, a warm front will move northward across parts of the
    central Plains, while the eastern portion of the front will be
    draped somewhere from the Midwest into the southern Great Lakes
    vicinity. A cold front will move southward across parts of the
    northern Great Lakes and Northeast/New England.

    ...WY/CO into western NE/SD...
    Increasing low-level moisture beneath generally steep midlevel lapse
    rates will support moderate destabilization across parts of eastern
    WY into northeast CO. Veering wind profiles will support organized
    storms, and isolated to widely scattered supercells may develop from
    late afternoon into the evening. Large to very large hail, localized
    severe gusts, and perhaps a tornado are all possible. Some upscale
    growth will be possible through the evening, which could spread at
    least an isolated severe threat into parts of western NE/SD. The
    longevity of the severe threat into Tuesday night is uncertain, due
    to increasing low-level stability.

    ...Lower MO River Valley into the Midwest and Great Lakes...
    In the wake of morning convection, strong heating/destabilization
    will support development of strong to potentially severe storms from
    parts of eastern KS/southeast NE into the Midwest and Great Lakes,
    along the periphery of the upper ridge. Development will likely be
    focused near an outflow-influenced front, and potentially near any
    remnant MCVs. Deep-layer shear is expected to be relatively weak
    along/ahead of the front, but unidirectional southwesterly flow will
    support potential for outflow-driven clusters capable of locally
    damaging wind.

    Corridors of greater severe threat may eventually evolve within the
    broad Marginal Risk across this region, but confidence in the
    placement of the front and any MCVs or other vorticity maxima
    precludes higher probabilities at this time.

    ...Parts of the Northeast/New England...
    Midlevel lapse rates will be weak, but relatively strong heating
    will support moderate buoyancy by afternoon across parts of the
    Northeast, along and ahead of the cold front. Stronger ascent and
    deep-layer flow will remain north of the front, but sufficient flow
    and steepening of low-level lapse rates will support a threat of
    damaging gusts with any strong storms across the region. Storm
    coverage is uncertain, but greater severe probabilities may
    eventually be needed if trends support more than isolated storm
    development during the afternoon and evening.

    ...Southeast into the Carolinas and Mid Atlantic...
    A remnant EML will gradually move southwestward along the periphery
    of the upper ridge across parts of the Carolinas, Mid Atlantic, and
    Southeast on Tuesday. While this will support strong buoyancy, there
    is a considerable amount of spread regarding storm coverage across
    this region Tuesday. At this time, the highest confidence in storm
    development is over the southern Appalachians, where deep-layer
    shear will be negligible underneath the upper ridge. If confidence
    in storm coverage increases where slightly stronger flow aloft will
    be present, severe probabilities may eventually be needed.

    ..Dean.. 06/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 23 17:27:06 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 231726
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 231725

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 PM CDT Mon Jun 23 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible Tuesday from eastern Wyoming into
    southwest South Dakota, the Nebraska Panhandle, and northeast
    Colorado. Isolated strong to severe storms will also be possible
    from parts of the central Plains and Midwest into the Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    The large-scale pattern across the CONUS on Tuesday will feature a
    strong ridge across the eastern CONUS and a deamplifying trough
    across the western CONUS. In between these features, a mid-level
    shortwave trough will traverse the central Rockies and be the
    primary focus for severe weather concern Tuesday afternoon/evening.

    At the surface, an elongated front will extend from the Northeast to
    the central Plains. This front will move southeast into parts of New
    England during the period, remain mostly stationary across the Great Lakes/Midwest, and start to move north as a warm front across the
    Plains as weak lee troughing occurs across eastern Colorado/Wyoming
    in response to the passing mid-level shortwave trough.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Weak to moderate destabilization is expected across the central High
    Plains on Tuesday afternoon/evening as temperatures warm into the
    upper 70s to low 80s with dewpoints in the low 60s. Inhibition
    should be mostly eroded by early afternoon with scattered to
    widespread thunderstorm development expected. The extensive nature
    of the convection, combined with only marginal shear (25 to 30
    knots) may result in a somewhat messy storm mode. However, early in
    the storm lifecycle, steep mid-level lapse rates and moderate
    instability may support some 2+ inch hail. As storms congeal, one or
    more forward-propagating clusters may develop with a threat for
    severe wind gusts.

    ...Iowa/northern Missouri into the Great Lakes...
    Moderate destabilization and weak shear will be present along the
    mostly stalled frontal zone during the afternoon and evening on
    Tuesday. Very warm temperatures aloft (-4C at 500mb) will be the
    primary limiting factor to a greater severe weather threat. However,
    enhanced forcing/flow in the vicinity of one or more MCVs (likely
    remaining from Day 1 convection) may provide focus for some strong
    to locally severe storms.

    ...Northeast...
    Temperatures are expected to warm into the upper 80s to near 90 with
    dewpoints in the low 70s across the Northeast on Tuesday
    afternoon/evening. Steep low-level lapse rates and moderately steep
    mid-level lapse rates should provide a thermodynamic environment
    favorable for strong updrafts. Shear should be mostly weak with less
    than 30 knots of tropospheric unidirectional flow. However, the
    moderate to strong instability and forcing along the front may be
    sufficient for a few stronger storms/clusters capable of damaging
    wind gusts.

    ...Carolinas vicinity...
    Some guidance suggests the potential for stronger storms across the
    Carolinas with relatively cooler mid level temperatures along the
    eastern periphery of the mid-level ridge. Southwestward moving
    storms within this pattern would be a climatologically rare
    phenomenon. While a few stronger storms are possible, warm
    temperatures around 750mb may limit storm coverage with convective
    temperatures around 100F based on RAP forecast soundings. The
    guidance with greater storm coverage has forecast dewpoints in the
    mid 70s and not as strong of a warm nose below 700mb. If this
    solution appears more likely, a marginal may eventually be needed,
    but this scenario appears too unlikely for probabilities at this
    time.

    ..Bentley.. 06/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 24 06:06:49 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 240606
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 240605

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0105 AM CDT Tue Jun 24 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CAROLINAS
    INTO PARTS OF THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE...SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND
    GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe wind gusts are possible over much of the Southeast, with
    widely scattered strong to severe storms possible from the northern
    High Plains eastward toward the Mid Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positive-tilt shortwave trough will weaken on Wednesday as it
    lifts out of the Great Basin and across the northern Plains.
    Meanwhile, an upper high over the OH/TN Valleys will also weaken.
    Areas of 30 kt midlevel winds will remain over parts of the northern
    Plains and Great Lakes around the northern periphery of the upper
    ridge, aiding movement of storms clusters throughout the period.

    At the surface, high pressure over Ontario and Quebec will result in
    cool/dry trajectories across the Great Lakes, with a boundary
    roughly from a low over NE eastward toward southern Lower MI and
    continuing into southern New England. A very moist air mass will
    remain south of this front, with 2000 J/kg MUCAPE common.

    South of the upper high, a low-latitude upper low is forecast to
    move across FL, with -10 C at 500 mb over FL, AL, GA and SC. This
    will boost instability further, exceeding 3000 J/kg in those areas
    with steepened midlevel lapse rates.

    ...Southeast...
    Strong instability will develop during the afternoon over much of
    the region, with 2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE common. Of note will be
    midlevel lapse rates greater than 7.0 C/km, suggesting robust
    convection is likely. Storms are expected to form around 21Z over
    the high terrain, and within a surface trough during peak heating
    over the central Carolinas. Slow moving at first, storms will form
    into clusters, with erratic motions possible. However, a general
    southerly trends is expected. The high PWAT content, steep lapse
    rates, and favorable time of day all suggest areas of damaging
    microbursts will develop. As such, the area has been upgraded to a
    Slight Risk.

    Scattered storms are expected farther south into GA, AL, and the FL
    Panhandle as well, within a southwest extension of the surface
    trough, and, possibly with the sea breeze. Forecast soundings in
    this region similarly show very strong instability, with
    west/southwest moving storm clusters likely producing damaging wind
    gusts.

    ...Parts of the northern Plains...
    Areas of storms will be ongoing early in the day from NE eastward
    into IL/IN/OH, in a zone of warm advection around the periphery of
    the ridge. While moist and unstable, lapse rates will not be
    particularly steep aloft, but substantial moisture will continue to
    fuel bouts of storms redeveloping during the day from NE into
    SD/IA/southern MN, and some of this activity could produce marginal
    hail or wind.

    To the west, cells will develop during the late afternoon from over
    the northern to central High Plains, with hail potential as
    temperatures aloft will remain cool.

    ..Jewell.. 06/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 24 17:27:13 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 241726
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 241725

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 PM CDT Tue Jun 24 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CAROLINAS
    TO THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe wind gusts are possible over much of the Southeast, with
    widely scattered strong to severe storms possible from the northern
    High Plains eastward toward the Mid Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    The CONUS pattern will feature a trough across the western CONUS and
    a strong ridge across the eastern CONUS Wednesday morning. This
    pattern will deamplify during the period. A strong mid-level jet
    streak will extend from northern Ontario to the Northeast with a
    weak upper-low over Florida. A mid-level shortwave trough will move
    from the central Plains to the western Great Lakes Wednesday
    afternoon/evening.

    ...Central/northern High Plains...
    A weak lee trough will extend from southeast Montana to northeast
    Colorado. Weak to moderate instability will develop along this zone
    during the afternoon and evening. Shear will be modest (25-30 knots)
    with a few multicell clusters possible. Isolated large hail and
    isolated severe wind gusts will be the primary hazards.

    ...Midwest into the western Great Lakes...
    Moderate to strong instability is expected to develop south of a
    warm front across the Midwest. A belt of 50+ knot mid-level flow is
    forecast to overspread the warm sector and provide sufficient shear
    for storm organization. In addition, some stronger low-level shear
    will develop as a low-level jet strengthens during the
    afternoon/evening. The stronger/more organized storms in the area
    could have some tornado threat, particularly if any backed flow can
    develop. At this time, the threat is expected too low for higher
    severe weather probabilities.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Additional storms are likely to develop within a moderate to
    strongly unstable environment along a frontal zone from the Midwest
    to the Mid-Atlantic. Shear will be mostly weak which should limit
    the overall threat. However, strong instability and a very moist
    environment may support some threat for wet microbursts.

    ...Carolinas into the Southeast...
    Extreme instability is expected to develop from the Carolinas into
    the Southeast amid mid to upper 70s dewpoints and temperatures in
    the 90s. This extreme instability and scattered to widespread storm
    development should be sufficient for a damaging wind threat. In
    addition, stronger mid-level northeasterly flow is expected across
    the eastern Carolinas into southern Georgia. This may result in even
    greater storm organization and clustering where the stronger shear
    is present. Some large hail is possible with damaging wind gusts as
    the primary threat.

    ...Florida...
    Cool temperatures aloft and moderate to potentially strong
    instability is expected to develop across the Florida Panhandle on
    Wednesday. Shear is forecast around 20 to 25 knots which may result
    in a few multicell clusters capable of damaging wind gusts. The
    greater threat should be mostly focused on the west coast where the
    sea-breeze convergence is stronger and shear is slightly greater
    amid westerly low-level flow.

    ..Bentley.. 06/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 25 05:29:25 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 250529
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 250527

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 AM CDT Wed Jun 25 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF THE SOUTHEAST...AND FROM THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE UPPER GREAT
    LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong storms are possible from the central Plains to
    Lower Michigan, over parts of the Southeast, and over parts of
    Montana on Thursday. Scattered damaging gusts appears to be the main
    concern.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weak upper low will remain over FL, with relatively cool midlevel temperatures over the Southeast, although warmer compared to the
    previous day. Otherwise, much of the east will remain beneath an
    upper ridge. Around the northern periphery of this ridge, modest
    southwest flow aloft will stretch from the central Plains into the
    Great Lakes and Northeast, with relatively warm temperatures aloft.
    To the west, a low-amplitude upper trough will push east across MT,
    steepening midlevel lapse rates.

    At the surface, an expansive area of moisture will persist from the
    central and southern Plains eastward to the Mid Atlantic, south of a
    cold front. This front will extend from KS into southern WI and
    Lower MI, and also from central NY into eastern PA.

    ...Much of the Southeast...
    Areas of thunderstorms may be ongoing early in the day over parts of
    AL, GA, and the FL Panhandle, with locally damaging gusts possible.
    Though any early convection may provide a relative stable area
    during the day, addition development is likely west through north,
    from MS into northern AL and northeastward across the Appalachians,
    VA/MD and the western Carolinas. Forecast soundings reveal a
    moderately unstable air mass. Predictability is a bit low to denote
    a Slight Risk given uncertainties with potential ongoing convection/stabilization, but portions of the region could need
    higher wind probabilities in later updates.

    ...Central Plains into the Lower Great Lakes...
    Daytime heating of a moist air mass will lead to over 2000 J/kg
    MUCAPE, with scattered to numerous storms along the boundary from
    central KS into IA, southern MN and WI. Multicellular clusters are
    expected due to little shear, but a bit stronger westerlies from IA
    into WI and lower MI could result in faster motions and perhaps a
    corridor of hail and wind. The primary concern will be locally
    damaging gusts across the entire area.

    ...Northeast MT...
    Steep deep-layer lapse rates will develop due to daytime heating as
    the upper trough nears, with cooling temperatures aloft. Storms are
    likely from west-central MT into eastern MT during the day, with the
    strongest instability near the weak surface trough across eastern
    MT. Deep mixed layers and modest westerly flow suggest a few storms
    may produce strong outflow, or small hail during the late afternoon
    and evening, perhaps as far east as western ND.

    ..Jewell.. 06/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 25 17:28:34 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 251728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 251726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1226 PM CDT Wed Jun 25 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE GREAT LAKES...FROM THE MID-ATLANTIC TO
    THE SOUTHEAST...AND INTO FLORIDA...AND ACROSS NORTHERN MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong storms are possible from the central Plains to
    Lower Michigan, over parts of the Southeast, and over parts of
    Montana on Thursday. Scattered damaging gusts appears to be the main
    concern.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weak upper low will remain over Florida tomorrow, with relatively
    cool midlevel temperatures over the Southeast, although warmer
    compared to today. Otherwise, much of the east will remain beneath
    an upper ridge. Around the northern periphery of this ridge, modest
    southwest flow aloft will stretch from the central Plains into the
    Great Lakes and Northeast, with relatively warm temperatures aloft.
    To the west, a low-amplitude upper trough will push east across
    Montana.

    At the surface, an expansive area of moisture will persist from the
    central and southern Plains eastward to the Mid Atlantic, south of a
    cold front. This front will extend from KS into southern WI and
    Lower MI, and also from central NY into eastern PA.

    ...Mid Atlantic to the Southeast...
    A broad area of moderate to strong instability is forecast from the Mid-Atlantic to the Southeast on Thursday. Shear is expected to be
    very weak through the period, but moderate to strong instability and
    relatively steep mid-level lapse rates beneath the upper low will
    provide a thermodynamic environment favorable for some damaging wind
    gusts. More focused areas of strong to severe storms may exist near
    outflow boundaries from D1/Wednesday convection.

    ...Central/Southern Plains to the Great Lakes...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop along a
    frontal zone from Kansas to Wisconsin on Thursday afternoon/evening.
    Shear is expected to remain weak (20 to 25 knots), but strong
    instability will support the threat for some damaging wind gusts.
    Farther south, across western Oklahoma, shear will be very weak, but
    moderate instability and deep mixing (to around 600mb) will support
    some threat for downbursts and isolated wind gusts.

    ...Montana...
    Moderate mid-level flow is expected to overspread northern Montana
    on Thursday where a deeply mixed boundary layer (deeper than 3km) is
    forecast. While instability should be limited by meager moisture, it
    should be sufficient for a few storms. Moderate shear (25 to 30
    knots) and a deeply mixed boundary layer will support a threat for
    some severe wind gusts Thursday afternoon/evening.

    ..Bentley.. 06/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 25 17:41:01 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 251740
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 251739

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1239 PM CDT Wed Jun 25 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE GREAT LAKES...FROM THE MID-ATLANTIC TO
    THE SOUTHEAST...AND INTO FLORIDA...AND ACROSS NORTHERN MONTANA...

    CORRECTED FOR INCORRECT GRAPHIC

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong storms are possible from the central Plains to
    Lower Michigan, over parts of the Southeast, and over parts of
    Montana on Thursday. Scattered damaging gusts appears to be the main
    concern.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weak upper low will remain over Florida tomorrow, with relatively
    cool midlevel temperatures over the Southeast, although warmer
    compared to today. Otherwise, much of the east will remain beneath
    an upper ridge. Around the northern periphery of this ridge, modest
    southwest flow aloft will stretch from the central Plains into the
    Great Lakes and Northeast, with relatively warm temperatures aloft.
    To the west, a low-amplitude upper trough will push east across
    Montana.

    At the surface, an expansive area of moisture will persist from the
    central and southern Plains eastward to the Mid Atlantic, south of a
    cold front. This front will extend from KS into southern WI and
    Lower MI, and also from central NY into eastern PA.

    ...Mid Atlantic to the Southeast...
    A broad area of moderate to strong instability is forecast from the Mid-Atlantic to the Southeast on Thursday. Shear is expected to be
    very weak through the period, but moderate to strong instability and
    relatively steep mid-level lapse rates beneath the upper low will
    provide a thermodynamic environment favorable for some damaging wind
    gusts. More focused areas of strong to severe storms may exist near
    outflow boundaries from D1/Wednesday convection.

    ...Central/Southern Plains to the Great Lakes...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop along a
    frontal zone from Kansas to Wisconsin on Thursday afternoon/evening.
    Shear is expected to remain weak (20 to 25 knots), but strong
    instability will support the threat for some damaging wind gusts.
    Farther south, across western Oklahoma, shear will be very weak, but
    moderate instability and deep mixing (to around 600mb) will support
    some threat for downbursts and isolated wind gusts.

    ...Montana...
    Moderate mid-level flow is expected to overspread northern Montana
    on Thursday where a deeply mixed boundary layer (deeper than 3km) is
    forecast. While instability should be limited by meager moisture, it
    should be sufficient for a few storms. Moderate shear (25 to 30
    knots) and a deeply mixed boundary layer will support a threat for
    some severe wind gusts Thursday afternoon/evening.

    ..Bentley.. 06/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 26 05:33:40 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 260532
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 260530

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 AM CDT Thu Jun 26 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE NORTHERN
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms producing large hail and locally damaging winds are
    forecast over parts of the northern Plains Friday afternoon and
    evening. Sporadic damaging gusts may also occur over parts of the
    Mid Atlantic and Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low amplitude trough will move across the northern Rockies and
    into the northern Plains on Friday, with 40+ kt 500 mb winds into
    the Dakotas. As this occurs, a surface trough will develop over the
    western Dakotas, providing a focus for thunderstorms during the day.
    To the east, a weaker wave will move from lower MI into the lower
    Great Lakes, with a surface low enhancing convergence/lift. The air
    mass will remain moist and unstable over much of the central and
    eastern CONUS, supporting scattered storms over much of the area.
    The strongest instability is expected over the northern Plains in
    advance of the upper system. Otherwise, a weak upper low will remain
    over GA/FL providing cool midlevel temperatures and aiding daytime
    storm development.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Strong heating will lead to an uncapped air mass within the surface
    trough, with scattered areas of storms developing from northeast CO
    into western NE and from the western into the central Dakotas.
    Supercells are most likely across the Dakotas beneath the stronger
    flow aloft, with the strongest cells producing very large hail and
    perhaps a brief tornado. Farther south across NE, CO and KS, deep
    mixed layers should favor strong outflow and localized wind damage.
    Storms may increase again during the evening over eastern ND and
    northern MN with increasing southwest flow at 850 mb late.

    ...Southeast and Mid Atlantic...
    A weak surface trough will develop from VA across the Carolinas and
    into GA with strong heating. A moist and unstable air mass will
    again favor areas of thunderstorms beneath the upper ridge. Lapse
    rates aloft and therefore total instability will not be as strong as
    previous days, but widely scattered strong to damaging gusts may
    still occur during the afternoon across the entire region.

    ..Jewell.. 06/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 26 17:28:16 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 261728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 261726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1226 PM CDT Thu Jun 26 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE FRIDAY INTO
    FRIDAY NIGHT ACROSS MUCH OF NORTH AND SOUTH DAKOTA INTO PARTS OF
    WESTERN MINNESOTA AND NORTH CENTRAL NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorms, and perhaps one or two small
    organizing clusters, may impact parts of the northern Great Plains
    late Friday afternoon into Friday night, accompanied by a risk for
    severe hail and wind.

    ...Discussion...
    Although a mid to upper low is likely to linger across parts of the
    Southeast, perhaps migrating slowly northward across the northern
    Florida into Georgia vicinity, modest subtropical ridging at
    mid-levels will generally prevail across much of the central and
    southern tier of the U.S. through this period. Models indicate that
    modest mid-level westerlies will remain confined to the northern
    tier, with one embedded short wave trough forecast to slowly
    progress across the Great Lakes region. A couple of, perhaps, more
    subtle perturbations within a broader cyclonic regime are forecast
    to progress east-northeastward near and north of the Montana/North
    Dakota international border vicinity.

    In lower levels, a surface cold front, in the wake of a digging
    short wave trough well offshore of the northern Atlantic coast, may
    make further southward progress through portions of the northern Mid
    Atlantic states, before retreating northeastward late Friday through
    Friday night. Upstream, another cold front, likely into the upper
    Great Lakes vicinity and through much of the northern Great Plains
    by 12Z Friday, is forecast to continue to advance eastward across
    the Great Lakes through the remainder of the period, while the cool
    air gradually modifies from west to east across the Dakotas. In
    between and south of these boundaries, seasonably moist conditions,
    including upper 60s to 70+ F dew points, appear likely to persist
    across most areas east of the high plains.

    ...Northern Great Plains...
    Models indicate that low-level warming and moistening across the
    western into central Dakotas may contribute to strong potential
    instability by Friday afternoon, beneath warm elevated mixed-layer
    air advecting east of the northern Rockies, ahead of the broad
    approaching upstream mid-level troughing. This destabilization will
    become focused east of the modestly deep lee surface trough axis,
    along a developing warm frontal zone aided by strengthening
    differential surface heating.

    The northern periphery of the warmer and more strongly capping
    elevated mixed-layer air is forecast to nose across western through
    central South Dakota by early Friday evening.
    Lower/mid-tropospheric warm advection on the edge of this air mass
    may provide the focus for an upscale growing cluster of storms
    across north central South Dakota, or perhaps south central North
    Dakota, aided by a modestly strengthening low-level jet Friday
    evening. This would likely tend to propagate east-southeastward
    overnight, beneath strengthening westerly mid/upper flow (including
    30-40+ kt at 500 mb).

    Otherwise, widely scattered strong to severe thunderstorms,
    including a couple of supercells, may initiate near/east of the lee
    trough during the late afternoon into evening across the western
    Dakotas, and perhaps parts of north central Nebraska into
    northeastern Colorado, though this is a bit more uncertain due to
    potentially stronger mid-level inhibition.

    ...Lower Great Lakes Vicinity...
    Latest model output indicates that strengthening thunderstorm
    development is possible in a narrow pre-frontal corridor across
    parts of southwestern Ontario and southeastern Lower Michigan into
    northwestern Indiana and northwestern Ohio, near or after 28/00Z.
    Although this is after peak diurnal heating, moderately large
    residual CAPE, in the presence of southwesterly deep-layer mean flow strengthening to 20-30 kt, might become supportive of convection
    capable of producing a few locally strong to severe wind gusts,
    before storms weaken late Friday evening.

    ...Appalachians into Southeast...
    In the presence of relatively weak mid-level inhibition, forcing for
    ascent aided by orography and inland advancing sea breezes may
    support considerable diurnal thunderstorm development, as insolation
    within a seasonably moist boundary-layer contributes to moderate
    potential instability. Stronger convection will probably pose a
    risk for locally damaging downbursts, before activity weakens early
    Friday evening.

    ..Kerr.. 06/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 27 05:38:46 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 270534
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 270533

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1233 AM CDT Fri Jun 27 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms will pose a risk for severe
    wind gusts and isolated large hail across parts of the northern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest Saturday afternoon into Saturday
    Night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad trough and stronger mid-level flow will overspread the
    northern Plains and Upper Midwest on Saturday. Weak ridging is
    expected across the Great Lakes with a weak shortwave trough
    traversing the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic. At the surface, a very
    moist airmass will be in place across much of the central and
    eastern CONUS. A weak surface low will be present across the
    northern Plains with an additional surface low across southern
    Quebec. A front will connect these 2 low-pressure centers through
    the southern Great Lakes region.

    ...Northern Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Elevated thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of
    the period across northern Minnesota at the nose of a low-level jet.
    In the wake of and southwest of this convection, moderate to strong
    instability is forecast to develop amid temperatures in the mid to
    upper 80s and dewpoints in the 70s. Weak height falls are forecast
    across the northern Plains on Saturday afternoon/evening. Isolated
    to scattered thunderstorms are likely, potentially focused on
    outflow from morning convection. Shear should be sufficient for
    supercells with any storms across North Dakota and northern
    Minnesota with weaker shear and perhaps more multicell storm mode
    across the eastern South Dakota and southern Minnesota vicinity.
    Severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be the primary
    threat. The greatest large hail threat will be from northeast South
    Dakota to central Minnesota where the strongest overlap of shear and instability may result in a favorable zone for supercells.

    ...Mid Atlantic into the Northeast...
    Upper 60s to low 70s dewpoints are forecast from the Mid-Atlantic to
    the Northeast on Friday. Strong heating should result in moderate to potentially strong instability east of the Appalachians. Shear will
    be relatively weak across the Mid-Atlantic on Saturday with only
    weakly organized storm expected. Strong instability and scattered
    storm coverage will result in a threat for damaging wind gusts.
    Farther north, from eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey into eastern
    New York, strong shear is forecast, but instability will not be as
    great. Therefore, a few more organized storms are possible, but
    weaker heating/low-level lapse rates will likely be a limiting
    factor to a greater severe weather threat.

    ..Bentley.. 06/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 27 17:19:53 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 271719
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 271718

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1218 PM CDT Fri Jun 27 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY INTO
    SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...WEST CENTRAL WISCONSIN...MUCH OF SOUTH DAKOTA AND ADJACENT PORTIONS OF NORTHERN
    NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms, perhaps including one or
    two organizing clusters, will pose a risk for severe hail, wind and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes across parts of the middle Missouri
    Valley into Upper Midwest Saturday afternoon into Saturday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that the stronger westerlies will remain confined to
    the northern mid-latitudes. There may be some amplification in the
    flow across the northeastern Pacific into British Columbia and the
    Pacific Northwest by the end of the period. However, a zonal regime
    is likely to generally persist near the Canadian/U.S. border, along
    the northern periphery of modest mid-level ridging encompassing the
    subtropics through much of the southern mid-latitudes of the U.S.

    One embedded short wave trough is still forecast to progress east of
    the lower Great Lakes vicinity, through the St. Lawrence Valley and
    northern New England, Saturday through Saturday night. Models
    indicate that this will be accompanied by an initially modest, but
    weakening, surface cyclone, with a trailing intrusion of cooler,
    drier boundary-layer air spreading southeast of the lower Great
    Lakes region toward northern Mid Atlantic coastal areas, while
    relatively cool/dry air associated with a prior intrusion is slow to
    lose influence across northern New England.

    Upstream, low-amplitude larger-scale mid-level troughing is forecast
    to progress eastward along the central Canadian/U.S. border
    vicinity, with at least a couple of embedded shorter-wavelength
    perturbations. One notable convectively generated or augmented
    perturbation may be overspreading portions of north central
    Minnesota into northern Wisconsin at the outset of the period, near
    the southern leading edge of this regime. The convectively
    reinforced trailing flank of the Great Lakes cold front may be slow
    to modify/retreat eastward across the Upper Midwest, as another
    upstream cold front advances south of the international border.

    ...Upper Midwest into northern Great Plains...
    There appears a better consensus within model output that a
    low-level baroclinic zone, generated or reinforced by convective
    outflow, may be initially stalled across the west central through
    southeastern Minnesota vicinity, in the wake of a dissipating
    cluster of storms. Thereafter, it may slowly retreat
    northeastward/eastward through the day, while also becoming a focus
    for strengthening differential heating.

    There remains at least some spread among the latest model output
    concerning the warmth of temperatures around 700 mb, near the northern/northeastern periphery of a plume of elevated mixed-layer
    air, which may continue to increase mid-level inhibition across
    South Dakota through southern Minnesota, before gradually becoming
    suppressed southward by late Saturday night. However, a belt of
    convectively augmented (30-50 Kt) southwesterly to westerly flow in
    the 850-500 mb layer is forecast to slowly overspread the low-level
    baroclinic zone through and beyond peak diurnal destabilization.

    Supported by surface dew points around or above 70 F, moderate to
    large mixed-layer CAPE appears likely to develop, coincident with a
    corridor of strong shear, including sizable clockwise curved
    low-level hodographs along the boundary. If forcing for ascent and
    heating, beneath broadly difluent mid/upper flow overspreading the
    Upper Midwest, is able to overcome inhibition, supercells posing a
    risk for severe hail and a couple of tornadoes appear possible
    across parts of central Minnesota, before perhaps growing upscale
    into an organizing cluster while propagating into west central
    Wisconsin by late Saturday evening.

    Upstream, potential convective developments remain more unclear.
    However, there appears a general signal within the model output that convection, emerging from the more deeply mixed environment across
    the high plains, could intensify while acquiring more moist and
    potentially unstable updraft inflow, along/north of a remnant
    outflow boundary or front across southern South Dakota or far
    northern Nebraska Saturday evening. Generally becoming focused
    along the periphery of the increasingly suppressed, more strongly
    capping elevated mixed-layer air, thermodynamic profiles
    characterized by steep lapse rates and large CAPE may become
    supportive of an organizing convective system, aided by forcing for
    ascent associated with warm advection.

    ...Northern Mid Atlantic into Champlain Valley vicinity...
    There remain mixed signals within the model output, including
    convection allowing guidance, concerning the extent of the
    convective potential within deepening pre-frontal surface troughing
    across the region by Saturday afternoon. The more substantive
    destabilization may remain focused across the northern Mid Atlantic,
    to the south of the better deep-layer shear. However, it still
    appears that the environment will probably become conducive to at
    least widely scattered vigorous storms accompanied by a risk for
    potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 06/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 27 17:49:50 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 271749
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 271748

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1248 PM CDT Fri Jun 27 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY INTO
    SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...WEST CENTRAL WISCONSIN...MUCH OF SOUTH DAKOTA AND ADJACENT PORTIONS OF NORTHERN
    NEBRASKA...

    CORRECTED FOR NDFD THUNDER GRID

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms, perhaps including one or
    two organizing clusters, will pose a risk for severe hail, wind and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes across parts of the middle Missouri
    Valley into Upper Midwest Saturday afternoon into Saturday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that the stronger westerlies will remain confined to
    the northern mid-latitudes. There may be some amplification in the
    flow across the northeastern Pacific into British Columbia and the
    Pacific Northwest by the end of the period. However, a zonal regime
    is likely to generally persist near the Canadian/U.S. border, along
    the northern periphery of modest mid-level ridging encompassing the
    subtropics through much of the southern mid-latitudes of the U.S.

    One embedded short wave trough is still forecast to progress east of
    the lower Great Lakes vicinity, through the St. Lawrence Valley and
    northern New England, Saturday through Saturday night. Models
    indicate that this will be accompanied by an initially modest, but
    weakening, surface cyclone, with a trailing intrusion of cooler,
    drier boundary-layer air spreading southeast of the lower Great
    Lakes region toward northern Mid Atlantic coastal areas, while
    relatively cool/dry air associated with a prior intrusion is slow to
    lose influence across northern New England.

    Upstream, low-amplitude larger-scale mid-level troughing is forecast
    to progress eastward along the central Canadian/U.S. border
    vicinity, with at least a couple of embedded shorter-wavelength
    perturbations. One notable convectively generated or augmented
    perturbation may be overspreading portions of north central
    Minnesota into northern Wisconsin at the outset of the period, near
    the southern leading edge of this regime. The convectively
    reinforced trailing flank of the Great Lakes cold front may be slow
    to modify/retreat eastward across the Upper Midwest, as another
    upstream cold front advances south of the international border.

    ...Upper Midwest into northern Great Plains...
    There appears a better consensus within model output that a
    low-level baroclinic zone, generated or reinforced by convective
    outflow, may be initially stalled across the west central through
    southeastern Minnesota vicinity, in the wake of a dissipating
    cluster of storms. Thereafter, it may slowly retreat
    northeastward/eastward through the day, while also becoming a focus
    for strengthening differential heating.

    There remains at least some spread among the latest model output
    concerning the warmth of temperatures around 700 mb, near the northern/northeastern periphery of a plume of elevated mixed-layer
    air, which may continue to increase mid-level inhibition across
    South Dakota through southern Minnesota, before gradually becoming
    suppressed southward by late Saturday night. However, a belt of
    convectively augmented (30-50 Kt) southwesterly to westerly flow in
    the 850-500 mb layer is forecast to slowly overspread the low-level
    baroclinic zone through and beyond peak diurnal destabilization.

    Supported by surface dew points around or above 70 F, moderate to
    large mixed-layer CAPE appears likely to develop, coincident with a
    corridor of strong shear, including sizable clockwise curved
    low-level hodographs along the boundary. If forcing for ascent and
    heating, beneath broadly difluent mid/upper flow overspreading the
    Upper Midwest, is able to overcome inhibition, supercells posing a
    risk for severe hail and a couple of tornadoes appear possible
    across parts of central Minnesota, before perhaps growing upscale
    into an organizing cluster while propagating into west central
    Wisconsin by late Saturday evening.

    Upstream, potential convective developments remain more unclear.
    However, there appears a general signal within the model output that convection, emerging from the more deeply mixed environment across
    the high plains, could intensify while acquiring more moist and
    potentially unstable updraft inflow, along/north of a remnant
    outflow boundary or front across southern South Dakota or far
    northern Nebraska Saturday evening. Generally becoming focused
    along the periphery of the increasingly suppressed, more strongly
    capping elevated mixed-layer air, thermodynamic profiles
    characterized by steep lapse rates and large CAPE may become
    supportive of an organizing convective system, aided by forcing for
    ascent associated with warm advection.

    ...Northern Mid Atlantic into Champlain Valley vicinity...
    There remain mixed signals within the model output, including
    convection allowing guidance, concerning the extent of the
    convective potential within deepening pre-frontal surface troughing
    across the region by Saturday afternoon. The more substantive
    destabilization may remain focused across the northern Mid Atlantic,
    to the south of the better deep-layer shear. However, it still
    appears that the environment will probably become conducive to at
    least widely scattered vigorous storms accompanied by a risk for
    potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 06/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 28 05:59:20 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 280558
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 280557

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Sat Jun 28 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL IOWA
    INTO THE WESTERN UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms appear possible Sunday from the
    central Great Plains into the upper Great Lakes region, with at
    least some potential for the evolution of a large, organized severe
    storm cluster across parts of the mid into lower Missouri Valley and
    central Great Plains late Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will amplify across the northern Plains on
    Sunday. At the surface, a cold front will advance slowly east across
    the northern Plains and Upper Midwest.

    ...Central Plains to the Upper Midwest...
    Very strong to potentially extreme instability is forecast from the
    central Plains to the Upper Midwest on Sunday. Weak tropospheric
    flow is forecast across much of Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri on
    Sunday. This should limit storm organization with only
    isolated/widely scattered severe wind gusts possible within this
    large zone of marginal risk.

    Mid-level flow is forecast to be somewhat stronger across northern
    Iowa, but still relatively weak. This may result in slightly more
    organized convection where very strong to extreme instability is
    also present. Therefore, the slight risk was expanded south to cover
    this threat, particularly since scattered to widespread storm
    coverage is anticipated. Instability will not be as strong farther
    north across Wisconsin, but stronger mid-level flow (30-35 knots)
    will be present, which may result in a few rotating updrafts and/or
    bowing line segments capable of isolated large hail and severe wind
    gusts.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop across
    portions of the Mid-Atlantic on Sunday. A very moist environment
    will be in place with PWAT values over 2 inches and dewpoints in the
    mid 70s. Therefore, wet microburts will be possible with the
    strongest storms which develop Sunday afternoon/evening.

    ..Bentley.. 06/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 28 17:32:43 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 281731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 281730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Sat Jun 28 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE UPPER
    MIDWEST INTO THE LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible Sunday from the
    central Plains into the upper Great Lakes region, with some
    potential for the evolution of a large, organized severe storm
    cluster across parts of the mid into lower Missouri Valley and
    central Great Plains late Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    An amplifying midlevel trough will advance east-southeastward from
    the north-central Plains toward the Upper MS Valley through the
    period. Related large-scale ascent will overspread the Middle/Upper
    MS Valley, while a related cold front moves southeastward across the
    region.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    In the wake of several overnight storm clusters and related cloud
    debris, gradual clearing should support boundary-layer
    destabilization and the development of moderate-strong surface-based
    buoyancy. As the cold front intercepts this increasing buoyancy,
    around 30 kt of deep-layer shear should favor a few organized
    clusters capable of producing widely scattered damaging wind gusts
    during the afternoon.

    ...Central Plains to the Middle/Lower Missouri Valley...
    A separate area of thunderstorms is expected along the front in IA
    and the Lower MO Valley during the late afternoon into the overnight
    hours. Ahead of these evolving storms, lower/middle 70s dewpoints
    beneath steep midlevel lapse rates will contribute to strong-extreme surface-based buoyancy. Initial storms will be capable of producing
    isolated large hail and locally severe wind gusts. However,
    strengthening deep-layer shear accompanying the digging midlevel
    trough, coupled with an increasing low-level jet, will support the
    development of a southward-moving MCS into the overnight hours. The
    Slight risk was expanded southward to account for this scenario, and
    higher wind probabilities may eventually be needed as the scenario
    becomes more clear.

    Farther west, semi-discrete storms are expected over the central
    High Plains during the afternoon. Elongated/straight hodographs and
    moderate surface-based buoyancy should favor large hail with any
    supercell structures that can develop.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Despite marginal deep-layer flow/shear, diurnal heating amid deep
    tropospheric moisture (around 2 inch PW) will favor wet microbursts
    and the potential for wind damage with the stronger thunderstorms.

    ..Weinman.. 06/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 29 05:44:35 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 290544
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 290542

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1242 AM CDT Sun Jun 29 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE MIDWEST
    TO THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across parts
    of the Ohio Valley, Midwest and the Mid-Atlantic on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will amplify as it moves into the Great Lakes on
    Monday with a persistent ridge across the western CONUS and a closed
    low off the California coast. At the surface, a cold front will move
    through the Midwest and Great Lakes.

    ...Midwest into the Great Lakes...
    Moderate instability is forecast to develop ahead of a cold front
    across the western Great Lakes/Midwest Monday afternoon as
    temperatures warm into the low 80s with dewpoints in the 70s.
    Mid-level lapse rates will not be that steep, but instability and
    forcing should be sufficient to support some strong updrafts. 30 to
    40 knots of mid-level flow across the warm sector will lead to
    modest shear which could result in multicell clusters capable of
    damaging wind gusts. 00Z CAM guidance suggest the potential for
    storms ahead of and along the front with some post-frontal storms
    also possible across Wisconsin beneath the colder air aloft. This
    cooler air aloft may result in isolated large hail from the
    post-frontal storms.

    ...Mid Atlantic...
    Despite weak deep-layer flow/shear, a few wet microbursts will be
    possible east of the Appalachians during the afternoon, where steep
    low-level lapse rates will develop amid deep/rich tropospheric
    moisture (PW around 2 inches).

    ..Bentley.. 06/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 29 17:12:37 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 291712
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 291710

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1210 PM CDT Sun Jun 29 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    MIDWEST INTO THE OHIO VALLEY...THE MID-ATLANTIC...AND ALONG THE CALIFORNIA/OREGON BORDER...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms remain possible across
    parts of the Ohio Valley, Midwest and the Mid-Atlantic tomorrow
    (Monday). A couple of severe thunderstorms also cannot be ruled out
    over parts of the Pacific Northwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will amplify while traversing the Great Lakes and
    Ohio Valley regions, as upper ridging builds over the Plains states
    and an upper-level low impinges on the California coastline tomorrow
    (Monday). A cold front will accompany the Midwest mid-level trough,
    and is poised to progress across the Mid-MS and OH Valley regions
    while draping across the southern Plains through the day. In advance
    of the cold front, adequate moisture and overall instability will be
    present to support at least scattered thunderstorms. Given the
    presence of modest vertical wind shear, a few of the storms could
    become strong to locally severe. Thunderstorms may also develop
    north of a surface low along the CA/OR border, amid an unstable
    airmass supportive of scattered strong thunderstorms.

    ...Midwest into the OH Valley...
    Preceding an advancing cold front, diurnal heating of a moist
    boundary layer, atop relatively poor mid-level lapse rates, will
    result in airmass destabilization and 1500-3000 J/kg SBCAPE by
    afternoon. While MLCINH will minimize by late morning, the poor
    mid-level lapse rates suggest that CAPE should be constrained to
    tall/thin profiles. Furthermore, unidirectional vertical wind
    profiles with little strengthening with height, should lead to
    mediocre deep-layer shear. While many scattered storms should
    develop along the cold front, and ahead in the uncapped warm sector,
    most storms should be pulse-cellular to multicellular in nature. A
    few of the stronger storms may support wet downbursts capable of
    producing localized damaging gusts.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Similar to the Great Lakes/OH Valley vicinity, strong boundary-layer
    heating will quickly reduce convective inhibition and support
    scattered thunderstorm development amid weak vertical wind shear.
    2000+ J/kg of tall/thin SBCAPE will support wet downburst potential,
    and a couple of damaging wind gusts are possible.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Scattered thunderstorms should develop by afternoon peak heating
    ahead of the trailing cold front over the southern Plains. Surface
    temperatures should warm to near 90 F amid low to mid 70s F
    dewpoints, yielding as much as 3000-4000 J/kg MLCAPE given modest
    mid-level lapse rates. Though vertical wind shear should be
    relatively poor, the strong buoyancy in place may compensate to
    support wet downbursts and associated isolated severe gusts with the
    stronger storms.

    ...Northern California into Southern Oregon...
    Scattered thunderstorms will develop immediately north of a weak
    surface low, where localized forcing for ascent will be in place.
    These thunderstorms should develop atop a mixed boundary layer that
    may deepen to 600-500 mb. Furthermore, the presence of 9+ C/km lapse
    rates through the troposphere may promote enough
    thermodynamically-driven downward momentum transport to support
    isolated strong to severe wind gusts. Point forecast soundings also
    depict curved/elongated hodographs, which may support multicells and
    transient supercells with a marginal hail threat.

    ..Squitieri.. 06/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 30 06:00:03 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 300558
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 300556

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Mon Jun 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible across parts of the
    Mid-Atlantic into the Northeast on Tuesday afternoon/evening. An
    isolated severe storm may also occur over parts of the central High
    Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will traverse from the Great Lakes to the
    Northeast on Tuesday. At the surface, a cold front will move from
    the Great Lakes/Ohio Valley to the Appalachians during the day and
    eventually into the Atlantic by the late evening.

    ...Carolinas to the Northeast...
    A very moist airmass will be in place ahead of the cold front on
    Tuesday. Moderate instability is expected to develop across the
    region as the boundary layer warms during the afternoon. Mid-level
    flow will only be around 20 knots across southern Virginia into the
    Carolinas. Therefore, while a few stronger storms may result in
    damaging wind gusts, overall storm organization is expected to be
    limited. From northern Virginia into the Northeast, stronger
    mid-level flow (40 to 45 knots) will support greater storm
    organization. The best overlap between the sufficient shear and
    greatest instability will be across northern Virginia into eastern
    Pennsylvania and New Jersey. A very moist profile will support
    water-loaded downdrafts capable of damaging wind producing
    microbursts. A more organized linear segment will likely result in a
    greater severe weather threat in the Mid-Atlantic region.

    A conditionally greater severe weather threat is possible farther
    northeast across Vermont/New Hampshire and vicinity. If 1500+ J/kg
    MLCAPE can develop across this region, more substantial severe
    weather is possible given the stronger shear and closer proximity to
    the surface low across southeast Canada.

    ..Bentley.. 06/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 30 17:31:18 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 301731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 301729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1229 PM CDT Mon Jun 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible across parts of the
    Mid-Atlantic into the Northeast on Tuesday afternoon/evening. An
    isolated severe storm may also occur over parts of the central High
    Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will traverse the Northeast as an upper ridge
    persists over the central U.S. and a mid-level low meanders over CA
    tomorrow (Tuesday). The East Coast mid-level trough will encourage
    the eastward advancement of a cold front, which will provide enough
    lift for scattered to widespread thunderstorm development across the
    Carolinas into the Northeast. Rich low-level moisture preceding the
    front will encourage enough buoyancy, amid marginal but adequate
    vertical wind shear, to support strong thunderstorms, some of which
    could be severe. A couple of strong to severe storms are possible
    along the periphery of the upper ridge over parts of the northern
    Rockies into the central High Plains.

    ...Northeast into the Southeast...
    As the surface cold front advances eastward across the eastern U.S.,
    surface temperatures will warm into the 80s F to near 90 F, amid 70+
    F dewpoints from the Southeast to the Mid-Atlantic, boosting SBCAPE
    into the 2000-3500 J/kg range by afternoon peak heating. Relatively
    poor mid-level lapse rates will limit CAPE to tall/thin profiles.
    However, the magnitude of buoyancy, combined with widespread
    thunderstorm coverage over a large area, will foster ample
    opportunity for at least isolated damaging gusts with wet
    downbursts, from the Southeast to New England. A more concentrated
    area of damaging gust potential exists over parts of the
    Mid_Atlantic, where a Category 2/Slight Risk remains in place. Here,
    line segments are expected to organize amid a region of maximum
    buoyancy and 30 kts of effective bulk shear, driven by stronger west-southwesterly mid-level flow grazing the area.

    ...Portions of the Northern Rockies...
    Mid-level monsoonal moisture is forecast to crest the upper ridge
    amid modest 500 mb west-southwesterly flow over parts of the
    Northern Rockies, where guidance consensus shows PWATs reaching 0.8
    inches in spots. High-based thunderstorms will develop by afternoon
    peak heating, atop a well-mixed boundary layer extending to 500 mb
    via inverted-v thermodynamic profiles. The aforementioned mid-level
    moisture, combined with steep tropospheric lapse rates, will support
    over 500 J/kg MLCAPE. This buoyancy may support robust enough
    updrafts and subsequent storm cores in an environment where ample
    evaporative cooling may take place to support isolated severe gusts.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Low-level upslope flow, along with strong diurnal heating, and the
    passage of a small impulse embedded in the upper ridge, will all
    serve as mechanisms for convective initiation tomorrow afternoon.
    Though storms should be isolated, they will develop amid 8 C/km low
    and mid-level lapse rates that will boost MLCAPE into the 1500-2500
    J/kg range. Modest directional vertical wind shear will support
    somewhat curved/elongated hodographs and around 35 kts of effective
    bulk shear. As such, a few multicells/transient supercells may
    develop and produce isolated severe wind/hail.

    ..Squitieri.. 06/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jul 1 05:59:03 2025
    ACUS02 KWNS 010557
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 010556

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Tue Jul 01 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    OREGON TO NORTHERN MONTANA AND FAR NORTHWEST NORTH DAKOTA AND FROM
    THE UPPER MIDWEST TO THE CENTRAL GREAT LAKES....

    ...SUMMARY...
    At least scattered storms are possible across a large portion of the continental U.S. on Wednesday. A couple of severe gusts may
    accompany the stronger storms over portions of the Northern Rockies
    and the Upper Midwest to central Michigan region.

    ...Synopsis...
    A ridge centered across the northern Plains will drift slowly east
    through the period. To the east of this ridge, a mid-level trough
    and associated jet streak will dig into the Great Lakes. To the west
    of this ridge, several embedded shortwave troughs are forecast
    within moderate southwesterly flow.

    ...Eastern Oregon to northern Montana and far northwest North
    Dakota...
    Scattered thunderstorms are forecast within a zone of steep
    low/mid-level lapse rates from eastern Oregon into much of Montana.
    Effective shear of 25 to 30 knots will support some storm maintenance/organization including the potential for multicell
    clusters. A hot and well-mixed boundary layer featuring 40-50F
    dewpoint depressions will support some threat for isolated severe
    wind gusts from this activity. However, weak instability should
    limit a greater severe weather threat.

    ...Upper Midwest across Lake Michigan and much of central/northern
    Lower Michigan...
    Elevated thunderstorms may be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    across eastern South Dakota/western Iowa on the nose of the
    low-level jet. This activity should weaken during the morning. Weak
    to moderate instability is forecast do develop during the afternoon
    from the Upper Midwest to northern/central Lower Michigan. A weak
    mid-level shortwave trough is forecast to move southeastward across
    this region Wednesday afternoon. As this occurs, isolated to
    potentially scattered thunderstorms are possible. 35 to 40 knots of
    mid-level flow may support some storm organization, including the
    potential for transient supercells. Isolated large hail and damaging
    wind gusts will be the primary threat.

    ..Bentley.. 07/01/2025

    $$

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